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Biotechnology started since the advent of civilization. Wine, beer, vinegar, cheese and yoghurt were made using the process of fermentation. Food was preserved by drying, salting, pickling in sour liquids and freezing. Acceptance that illness could be passed from sick person to healthy one are all examples of use of biotechnology by the early human, without actually having the knowledge of it. In broad terms Biotechnology can be defined as the art and science of controlled utilization of living organisms and their products for the production of food, drink, medicines and for other benefits to the human race or animal or plant species.       The landmark work done by Gregor Mendel proposed that invisible internal units of information account for observable traits and these factors later called “Genes” are passed from one generation to next heralded the beginning, while the discovery of Antibiotics and cracking of the genetic code by Watson and Crick in 1966 laid the foundation  of modern biotechnology. Since then improved microscopy and advanced computer technology are helping to gain in-depth knowledge of the science, providing tools for manipulating genetic information. By using recombinant DNA technology high yielding and  newer verities of  plants, engineered microbes , clones of animals and biotech products like polymers, enzymes, hormones, interferon's, are being produced in large quantities, economically and in short duration of time.